1.What is the default value for the "max_execution_time" setting when running PHP as a CLI SAPI ?

Whatever is set as the value for "max_execution_time" in php.ini

0 (Zero) which stands for infinite

There is no "max_execution_time" setting if running PHP as a CLI SAPI

2.When working with unfamiliar code, what is the best way to find out in which file a class is defined ?

Using ReflectionClass:

  <?php
  $reflection = new ReflectionClass('ClassName');
  echo $reflection->getFileName();
  ?>

Using the grep command to search through the application files:

  <?php
  $out = array();
  exec("grep -r 'Classname' .", $out);
  var_dump($out);
  ?>

Using the get_declared_classes() function:

  $classes = get_declared_classes();
  var_dump($classes);

3.Considering the code below ...

  
    <?php 
        
    class AppException extends Exception
    {
      function __toString()
      {
        return "Your code has just thrown an exception: {$this->message}\n";
      }
    }

    class Students
    {
      public $first_name;
      public $last_name;

      public function __construct($first_name, $last_name)
      {
        if(empty($first_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('First Name is required', 1);
        }

        if(empty($last_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('Last Name is required', 2);
        }
      }
    }

    try {
     new Students('', ''); 
    } catch (Exception $e) {
      echo $e;
    }
  

... which of these statements are correct ?

The catch (Exception $e) statement is wrong because it accepts an instance of the Exception class as the parameter. It should use an instance of the AppException class instead.

The __toString() method can't be overwritten in a child class because the methods in the Exception class are all final but for the constructor

The magic __toString() method will be invoked automatically when the code enters the catch() statement and the custom exception message will be printed

4.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    namespace animals;

    ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
    ini_set('display_errors', 'on');

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    namespace animals\pets;

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    echo Cat::Definition();    
  

Cats are animals\pets

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class Cat

Fatal error: Cannot re-declare class animals\pets\Cat in sub-namespace

5.Assuming that the code below is in a file named "test.php" and that PHP has full rights over the file, what happens if the file is executed from the command line without any arguments ?

  exec("rm -f " . dirname(__FILE__) . "/" .  $argv[0]);

The script exits without doing anything

The file test.php is deleted

A notice is thrown because $argv[0] is not defined and the script fails.

6.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    $a = array('one'=>'php', 'two'=>'javascript', 'three'=>'python');
    $b = array('python', 'javascript', 'php');

    if(array_values(array_reverse($a)) === $b)
      echo 'true';
    else
      echo 'false';
  

Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context

false

true

7.How does Opcode Cache improve performance in PHP 5.5+ ?

Opcode Cache stores objects in memory so that they can be accessed directly by other processes.

Opcode Cache stores database query results thus eliminating the need of executing those queries again

OPcache stores precompiled script bytecode in memory, thus removing the need to load and parse scripts on each request.

8.How do you access standard I/O and error streams ?

Use stdin(), stdout() and stderr() functions

PHP::STDIN, PHP::STDOUT and PHP::STDERR class constants

Use PHP::stdin(), PHP::stdout() and PHP::stderr() class functions

STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR constants

9.What is the output of the following code block? $array = array(1 => 0, 2, 3, 4); array_splice($array, 3, count($array), array_merge(array('x'), array_slice($array, 3))); var_dump($array);

1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => x, 4 => 4

0 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, x => 3

0 => 0, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => x, 4 => 4

0 => x, 1 => 0, 2 => 1, 3 => 2, 4 => 3

1 => 1, 3 => x, 2 => 2, 4 => 4

10.Given the following array: $array = array(1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,6,6,3,2,2,2); The fastest way to determine the total number a particular value appears in the array is to use which function?

array_total_values

array_count_values

A foreach loop

count

a for loop

11.Which of the following are valid PHP variables?

@$foo

&$variable

${0x0}

$0x0

12.What is the output of the following? $a = 010; $b = 0xA; $c = 2; print $a + $b + $c;

20

22

$a is an invalid value

2

13.What SimpleXML function is used to parse a file?

simplexml_load_file()

simplexml_load_string()

load()

loadFile()

loadXML()

None of the above

14.What is the best way to ensure that a user-defined function is always passed an object as its single parameter?

function myfunction(stdClass $a)

function myfunction($a = stdClass)

Use is_object() within the function

There is no way to ensure the parameter will be an object.

function myfunction(Object $a)

15.What does the following function do, when passed two integer values for $p and $q? function magic($p, $q) { return ($q == 0) ? $p: magic($q, $p % $q); }

Loops infinitely.

Switches the values of $p and $q.

Determines if they are both even or odd?

Determines the greatest common divisor between them.

Calculates the modulus between the two.

16.What is the output of the following function? function &find_variable(&$one, &$two, &$three) { if($one > 10 && $one < 20) return $one; if($two > 10 && $two < 20) return $two; if($three > 10 && $three < 20) return $three; } $one = 2; $two = 20; $three = 15; $var = &find_variable($one, $two, $three); $var++; print "1: $one, 2: $two, 3: $three";

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 21, 3: 16

1: 2, 2: 21, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 16

17.How does one access standard input/output and error streams in PHP 5?

STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR constants

Use stdin(), stdout() and stderr() functions

PHP::STDIN, PHP::STDOUT and PHP::STDERR class constants

Use PHP::stdin(), PHP::stdout() and PHP::stderr() class functions

18.In PHP 5 you can use the ______ operator to ensure that an object is of a particular type. You can also use _______ in the function declaration.

instanceof, is_a

instanceof, type-hinting

type, instanceof

===, type-hinting

===, is_a

19.What is wrong with the following code? function duplicate($obj) { $newObj = $obj; return $newObj; } $a = new MyClass(); $a_copy = duplicate($a); $a->setValue(10); $a_copy->setValue(20);

You must use return &$newObj instead

There is nothing wrong with this code

duplicate() must accept its parameter by reference

You must use the clone operator to make a copy of an object

duplicate() must return a reference

20.What is the output of the following script? class ClassOne { protected $a = 10; public function changeValue($b) { $this->a = $b; } } class ClassTwo extends ClassOne { protected $b = 10; public function changeValue($b) { $this->b = 10; parent::changeValue($this->a + $this->b); } public function displayValues() { print "a: {$this->a}, b: {$this->b}\n"; } } $obj = new ClassTwo(); $obj->changeValue(20); $obj->changeValue(10); $obj->displayValues();

a: 30, b: 30

a: 30, b: 20

a: 30, b: 10

a: 20, b: 20

a: 10, b: 10

21.To ensure that a given object has a particular set of methods, you must provide a method list in the form of an ________ and then attach it as part of your class using the ________ keyword.

array, interface

interface, implements

interface, extends

instance, implements

access-list, instance

22.The _______ method will be called automatically when an object is represented as a string.

getString()

__get()

__value()

__toString()

__getString()

23.When an object is serialized, which method will be called, automatically, providing your object with an opportunity to close any resources or otherwise prepare to be serialized?

__destroy()

__serialize()

__destruct()

__shutdown()

__sleep()

24.When implementing a permissions system for your Web site, what should always be done with regards to the session?

You should not implement permission systems using sessions

Sessions should be cleared of all data and re-populated

The session key should be regenerated

The session should be destroyed

None of the above

25.Consider the following script: $oranges = 10; $apples = 5; $string = "I have %d apples and %d oranges"; ??????? What could be placed in place of ?????? to output the string: "I have 5 apples and 10 oranges"

str_format($string, $apples, $oranges);

print($string, $apples, $oranges);

printf($string, $apples, $oranges);

print sprintf($apples, $oranges);

sprintf($string, $oranges, $apples);

26.If you would like to store your session in the database, you would do which of the following?

It requires a custom PHP extension to change the session handler

Implement the session_set_save_handler() function

Create functions for each session handling step and use session_set_save_handler() to override PHP's internal settings

Configure the session.save_handler INI directive to your session class

27.If you would like to change the session ID generation function, which of the following is the best approach for PHP 5?

Set the session.hash_function INI configuration directive

Use the session_set_id_generator() function

Set the session id by force using the session_id() function

Use the session_regenerate_id() function

Implement a custom session handler

28.Consider the following HTML fragment: <select name="???????" multiple> <option value="1">Item #1</option> <!-- ... more options ... --> </select> Which of the following name attributes should be used to capture all of the data from the user in PHP?

myselectbox=array()

myselectbox[]

myselectbox['multiple']

myselectbox{'multiple'}

myselectbox

29.When uploading a file using HTTP, which variable can be used to locate the file on PHP's local filesystem?

$_FILES['fieldname']['tmp_name']

$_FILES['fieldname']

$_FILES['fieldname'][0]['filename']

$_FILES['fieldname']['filename']

None of the above

30.One can ensure that headers can always be sent from a PHP script by doing what?

Enable header buffering in PHP 5

Set the header.force INI directive to true

Enable output buffering in PHP 5

There is no way to ensure that headers can always be set, they must always be checked

None of the above