1.What output will this code produce ?

<?php 
    class Disney
    {
        public $cartoon;

        function __construct($cartoon)
        {
            $this->cartoon = $cartoon;
        }
    }

    $disney = new Disney("The Beauty and The Beast");
    $waltDisney = $disney;
    $waltDisney->cartoon = "Pinocchio";
    echo $disney->cartoon;

"Pinocchio" because $waltDisney and $Disney are pointing to the same object

"The Beauty and The Beast" because the $cartoon property in the $waltDisney object was changed

NULL because the Disney class was not instanciated inside the $waltDisney variable

2.What happens when the code below is executed ?

  <?php
    class foo
    {
      private $variable;

      function __construct()
      {
        $this->variable = 1;
      }

      function __get($name)
      {
        return $this->$name;
      }
    }
    $a = new foo;
    echo $a->variable;
  ?>

The script outputs 1

Fatal error: Cannot access private property foo::$variable

The script outputs 0

3.What is the output of the code below ?

    
    $now  = new DateTime();
    $now2 = new DateTime();

    $ago  = new DateInterval('P4Y10M3W');
    $ago2 = new DateInterval('P4Y10M2W7D');

    $then  = $now->sub($ago);
    $date1 = $then->format('Y-m-d');

    $then2 = $now2->sub($ago2);
    $date2 = $then2->format('Y-m-d');

    var_dump ($date1 === $date2);
    

bool(false) - because the '2W' part in $ago2 will get overwritten by the '7D' part and therefor the second date interval will be 2 Weeks shorter than the first interval.

bool(true) - because the two interval definitions are equivalent.

bool(false) and the script will throw a notice because the date/time interval notation in the $ago2 variable is wrong.

4.Considering the code below ...

  
    <?php 
        
    class AppException extends Exception
    {
      function __toString()
      {
        return "Your code has just thrown an exception: {$this->message}\n";
      }
    }

    class Students
    {
      public $first_name;
      public $last_name;

      public function __construct($first_name, $last_name)
      {
        if(empty($first_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('First Name is required', 1);
        }

        if(empty($last_name))
        {
          throw new AppException('Last Name is required', 2);
        }
      }
    }

    try {
     new Students('', ''); 
    } catch (Exception $e) {
      echo $e;
    }
  

... which of these statements are correct ?

The catch (Exception $e) statement is wrong because it accepts an instance of the Exception class as the parameter. It should use an instance of the AppException class instead.

The __toString() method can't be overwritten in a child class because the methods in the Exception class are all final but for the constructor

The magic __toString() method will be invoked automatically when the code enters the catch() statement and the custom exception message will be printed

5.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    $a = array('one'=>'php', 'two'=>'javascript', 'three'=>'python');
    $b = array('python', 'javascript', 'php');

    if(array_values(array_reverse($a)) === $b)
      echo 'true';
    else
      echo 'false';
  

Fatal error: Can't use function return value in write context

false

true

6.Considering the following code which of the statements below is true ?

    class entity {
        public $name;
    }
    $human = new entity();
    $dog = new entity();
    $human->name = 0;
    $dog->name = "";

($human == $dog)

($human === $dog)

($human->name == $dog->name)

7.What is the best way to store and verify passwords in PHP ?

Using a hashing algorithm like md5 or sha256 and then, when verifying compare the stored hash with the hash of the string submitted by the user

Using the built in password_create() and password_verify() functions in PHP

Using the strongest to date hashing algorithm combined with a salt to avoid dictionary attacks.

8.How does Opcode Cache improve performance in PHP 5.5+ ?

Opcode Cache stores objects in memory so that they can be accessed directly by other processes.

Opcode Cache stores database query results thus eliminating the need of executing those queries again

OPcache stores precompiled script bytecode in memory, thus removing the need to load and parse scripts on each request.

9.How do you access standard I/O and error streams ?

Use stdin(), stdout() and stderr() functions

PHP::STDIN, PHP::STDOUT and PHP::STDERR class constants

Use PHP::stdin(), PHP::stdout() and PHP::stderr() class functions

STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR constants

10.Given the following array: $array = array(1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,6,6,3,2,2,2); The fastest way to determine the total number a particular value appears in the array is to use which function?

array_total_values

array_count_values

A foreach loop

count

a for loop

11.The following code snippet displays what for the resultant array? $a = array(1 => 0, 3 => 2, 4 => 6); $b = array(3 => 1, 4 => 3, 6 => 4); print_r(array_intersect($a, $b));

1 => 0

1 => 3, 3 => 1, 4 => 3

3 => 1, 3=> 2, 4 => 3, 4=> 6

1 => 0, 3 => 2, 4 => 6

An empty Array

12.What is the best way to iterate and modify every element of an array using PHP 5?

You cannot modify an array during iteration.

for($i = 0; $i < count($array); $i++) { /* ... * / }

foreach($array as $key => &$val) { /* ... * / }

foreach($array as $key => $val) { /* ... * / }

while(list($key, $val) = each($array)) { /* ... * / }

13.Which of the following will NOT instantiate a DateTime object with the current timestamp?

$date = new DateTime();

$date = new DateTime('@' . time());

$date = new DateTime('now');

$date = new DateTime(time());

14.Which technique should be used to speed up joins without changing their results?

Add an index on joined columns

Add a WHERE clause

Add a LIMIT clause

Use an inner join

15.What is the best way to ensure that a user-defined function is always passed an object as its single parameter?

function myfunction(stdClass $a)

function myfunction($a = stdClass)

Use is_object() within the function

There is no way to ensure the parameter will be an object.

function myfunction(Object $a)

16.What is the output of the following function? function &find_variable(&$one, &$two, &$three) { if($one > 10 && $one < 20) return $one; if($two > 10 && $two < 20) return $two; if($three > 10 && $three < 20) return $three; } $one = 2; $two = 20; $three = 15; $var = &find_variable($one, $two, $three); $var++; print "1: $one, 2: $two, 3: $three";

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 21, 3: 16

1: 2, 2: 21, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 16

17.When checking to see if two variables contain the same instance of an object, which of the following comparisons should be used?

if($obj1->equals($obj2) && ($obj1 instanceof $obj2))

if($obj1->equals($obj2))

if($obj1 instanceof $obj2)

if($obj1 === $obj2)

18.What is the primary difference between a method declared as static and a normal method?

Static methods can only be called using the :: syntax and never from an instance

Static methods do not provide a reference to $this

Static methods cannot be called from within class instances

Static methods don't have access to the self keyword

There is no functional difference between a static and non-static method

19.To ensure that a given object has a particular set of methods, you must provide a method list in the form of an ________ and then attach it as part of your class using the ________ keyword.

array, interface

interface, implements

interface, extends

instance, implements

access-list, instance

20.Consider the following code: session_start(); if(!empty($_REQUEST['id']) && !empty($_REQUEST['quantity'])) { $id = scrub_id($_REQUEST['id']); $quantity = scrub_quantity($_REQUEST['quantity']) $_SESSION['cart'][] = array('id' => $id, 'quantity' => $quantity) } /* .... */ What potential security hole would this code snippet produce?

Cross-Site Scripting Attack

There is no security hole in this code

Code Injection

SQL Injection

Cross-Site Request Forgery

21.Which of the following are not valid ways to embed a variable into a string?

$a = "Value: $value->getValue()";

$a = "Value: {$value}";

$a = 'Value: $value';

$a = "Value: $value";

$a = "Value: {$value['val']}";

22.Identify the best approach to compare two variables in a binary-safe fashion

Both strcmp() and $a === $b

$a == $b

$a === $b

str_compare()

strstr()

23.If regular expressions must be used, in general which type of regular expression functions available to PHP is preferred for performance reasons?

strtok() using regular expressions

preg_* regular expression functions

parse_str() using regular expressions

strregex* regular expression functions

ereg* regular expression functions

24.To destroy one variable within a PHP session you should use which method in PHP 5?

Unset the variable in $HTTP_SESSION_VARS

Use the session_destroy() function

Use the session_unset() function

unset the variable in $_SESSION using unset()

Any of the above are acceptable in PHP 5

25.To destroy a PHP session completely, one must which of the following?

Regenerate the session ID using session_regenerate_id()

If cookies are used, destroy it

Use session_demolish() to completely destroy the session

Change the session name using session_name()

Destroy the session data using session_destroy()

26.If you would like to change the session ID generation function, which of the following is the best approach for PHP 5?

Set the session.hash_function INI configuration directive

Use the session_set_id_generator() function

Set the session id by force using the session_id() function

Use the session_regenerate_id() function

Implement a custom session handler

27.How does one create a cookie which will exist only until the browser session is terminated?

You cannot create cookies that expire when the browser session is terminated

Setting the expiration time for a cookie to a time in the distant future

Do not provide a cookie expiration time

Enable Cookie Security

Set a cookie without a domain

28.Setting a HTTP cookie on the client which is not URL-encoded is done how in PHP 5?

Use the setrawcookie() function

Set the cookies.urlencode INI directive to false

Use urldecode() on the return value of setcookie()

Setting the $no_encode parameter of setcookie() to a boolean 'true'

All cookies must be URL encoded

29.Consider the following function: function redirect($url) { // Check to make sure we haven't already sent // the header: if(/*???????*/) { header("Location: $url"); } } What conditional should replace the ????? above?

!in_array("Location: $url", headers_list())

!header_exists("Location: $url")

!header_location($url)

$_SERVER['HTTP_LOCATION'] != $url

30.Which functions would be needed to translate the following string: I love PHP 5 to the following? 5 PHP EVOL I

mirror()

strtoupper()

toupper()

str_reverse()

strrev()