1.What happens when the code below is executed ?

  <?php
    class foo
    {
      private $variable;

      function __construct()
      {
        $this->variable = 1;
      }

      function __get($name)
      {
        return $this->$name;
      }
    }
    $a = new foo;
    echo $a->variable;
  ?>

The script outputs 1

Fatal error: Cannot access private property foo::$variable

The script outputs 0

2.What happens when the script below is executed ?

  <?php
    namespace CustomArea;
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    ini_set("display_errors", "on");
    function var_dump($a)
    {
      return str_replace("Weird", $a, "Weird stuff can happen");
    }
    $a = "In programming";
    echo var_dump($a);
  ?>

PHP Fatal error: Cannot redeclare var_dump()

Weird stuff can happen

In programming stuff can happen

3.When working with unfamiliar code, what is the best way to find out in which file a class is defined ?

Using ReflectionClass:

  <?php
  $reflection = new ReflectionClass('ClassName');
  echo $reflection->getFileName();
  ?>

Using the grep command to search through the application files:

  <?php
  $out = array();
  exec("grep -r 'Classname' .", $out);
  var_dump($out);
  ?>

Using the get_declared_classes() function:

  $classes = get_declared_classes();
  var_dump($classes);

4.What is the output of the code below ?

    
    $now  = new DateTime();
    $now2 = new DateTime();

    $ago  = new DateInterval('P4Y10M3W');
    $ago2 = new DateInterval('P4Y10M2W7D');

    $then  = $now->sub($ago);
    $date1 = $then->format('Y-m-d');

    $then2 = $now2->sub($ago2);
    $date2 = $then2->format('Y-m-d');

    var_dump ($date1 === $date2);
    

bool(false) - because the '2W' part in $ago2 will get overwritten by the '7D' part and therefor the second date interval will be 2 Weeks shorter than the first interval.

bool(true) - because the two interval definitions are equivalent.

bool(false) and the script will throw a notice because the date/time interval notation in the $ago2 variable is wrong.

5.What is the output of the code below ?

<?php 
  $a = array();
  $a[0] = 1;
  unset($a[0]);
  echo ($a != null) ? 'True' : 'False';

True

False

Parse Error

6.What is the output of the code below ?

  
    <?php
    namespace animals;

    ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
    ini_set('display_errors', 'on');

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    namespace animals\pets;

    class Cat
    {
      static function Definition()
      {
        return 'Cats are ' . __NAMESPACE__;
      }
    }

    echo Cat::Definition();    
  

Cats are animals\pets

Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class Cat

Fatal error: Cannot re-declare class animals\pets\Cat in sub-namespace

7.Which of the statements about traits below are true ?

PHP is "single inheritance" so traits allow coders to reuse sets of methods from the trait freely in several independent classes

An inherited member from a base class is overridden by a member inserted by a Trait, but members from the current class override Trait methods.

If two Traits insert a method with the same name in a class that uses them, a fatal error is produced and this naming conflict can not be bypassed

8.When dealing with cloned objects in PHP, which of the following statements are true ?

The programmer can make use of the __clone() magic method to stop an object from being cloned.

As of PHP 7.0.0, members of cloned objects can be accessed in a single expression without any assignments... Like this:
(clone new DateTime())->format('Y');

The __clone() magic method of a class is called before the actual cloning of the object occurs allowing the programmer to alter values before the cloning process begins.

9.What happens if you execute the code below ?

<?php
    class someclass
    {
        public $someprop;
        
        function __construct()
        {
            $this->someprop = 1;
        }
    }

    function somefunc(&$instance) {
        unset($instance);
    }

    $instance = new someclass;
    somefunc($instance);
    var_dump($instance);

NULL

object(someclass)#1 (1) { ["someprop"]=> int(1) }

Warning (Only variables can be passed by refence) NULL

10.What is the output of the following code block? $array = array(1 => 0, 2, 3, 4); array_splice($array, 3, count($array), array_merge(array('x'), array_slice($array, 3))); var_dump($array);

1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => x, 4 => 4

0 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4, x => 3

0 => 0, 1 => 2, 2 => 3, 3 => x, 4 => 4

0 => x, 1 => 0, 2 => 1, 3 => 2, 4 => 3

1 => 1, 3 => x, 2 => 2, 4 => 4

11.What is the result of the following code snippet? $array = array('a' => 'John', 'b' => 'Coggeshall', 'c' => array('d' => 'John', 'e' => 'Smith')); function something($array) { extract($array); return $c['e']; } print something($array);

Smith

A PHP Warning

Coggeshall

NULL

Array

12.What should go in the missing line ????? below to produce the output shown? $array_one = array(1,2,3,4,5); $array_two = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'); ??????? print_r($array_three); Result: Array ( [5] => A [4] => B [3] => C [2] => D [1] => E )

$array_three = array_merge(array_reverse($array_one), $array_two);

$array_three = array_combine($array_one, $array_two);

$array_three = array_combine(array_reverse($array_one), $array_two);

$array_three = array_merge($array_one, $array_two);

$array_three = array_reverse($array_one) + $array_two;

13.The ____ construct is particularly useful to assign your own variable names to values within an array.

array_get_variables

current

each

import_variables

list

14.Which one of the following XML declarations is NOT valid?

<?xml version="1.0" ?>

<?xml version="1.1" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<?xml standalone="no" ?>

<?xml standalone="1" ?>

15.Which of the following will NOT instantiate a DateTime object with the current timestamp?

$date = new DateTime();

$date = new DateTime('@' . time());

$date = new DateTime('now');

$date = new DateTime(time());

16.Transactions are used to...

guarantee high performance

secure data consistency

secure access to the database

reduce the database server overhead

reduce code size in PHP

17.What would go in place of ?????? below to make this script execute without a fatal error? $a = 1; $b = 0; /* ?????? */ $c = $a / $b;

quit();

die();

stop();

__halt_compiler();

exit();

18.What is the output of the following? $a = 20; function myfunction($b) { $a = 30; global $a, $c; return $c = ($b + $a); } print myfunction(40) + $c;

120

Syntax Error

60

70

19.What is the output of the following function? function &find_variable(&$one, &$two, &$three) { if($one > 10 && $one < 20) return $one; if($two > 10 && $two < 20) return $two; if($three > 10 && $three < 20) return $three; } $one = 2; $two = 20; $three = 15; $var = &find_variable($one, $two, $three); $var++; print "1: $one, 2: $two, 3: $three";

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 21, 3: 16

1: 2, 2: 21, 3: 15

1: 3, 2: 20, 3: 15

1: 2, 2: 20, 3: 16

20.How does one access standard input/output and error streams in PHP 5?

STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR constants

Use stdin(), stdout() and stderr() functions

PHP::STDIN, PHP::STDOUT and PHP::STDERR class constants

Use PHP::stdin(), PHP::stdout() and PHP::stderr() class functions

21.How to access standard error stream in PHP ?

$stderr = STDERR;

$stderr = fopen("php://stderr", "w");

$stderr = stderr("w")

$stderr = fwrite("php://stderr");

22.In PHP 5 you can use the ______ operator to ensure that an object is of a particular type. You can also use _______ in the function declaration.

instanceof, is_a

instanceof, type-hinting

type, instanceof

===, type-hinting

===, is_a

23.What is the output of the following script? class ClassOne { protected $a = 10; public function changeValue($b) { $this->a = $b; } } class ClassTwo extends ClassOne { protected $b = 10; public function changeValue($b) { $this->b = 10; parent::changeValue($this->a + $this->b); } public function displayValues() { print "a: {$this->a}, b: {$this->b}\n"; } } $obj = new ClassTwo(); $obj->changeValue(20); $obj->changeValue(10); $obj->displayValues();

a: 30, b: 30

a: 30, b: 20

a: 30, b: 10

a: 20, b: 20

a: 10, b: 10

24.The ______ keyword is used to indicate an incomplete class or method, which must be further extended and/or implemented in order to be used.

final

protected

incomplete

abstract

implements

25.Type-hinting and the instanceof keyword can be used to check what types of things about variables?

If a particular child class extends from it

If they are an instance of a particular interface

If they are an abstract class

If they have a particular parent class

If they are an instance of a particular class

26.To destroy one variable within a PHP session you should use which method in PHP 5?

Unset the variable in $HTTP_SESSION_VARS

Use the session_destroy() function

Use the session_unset() function

unset the variable in $_SESSION using unset()

Any of the above are acceptable in PHP 5

27.If you would like to store your session in the database, you would do which of the following?

It requires a custom PHP extension to change the session handler

Implement the session_set_save_handler() function

Create functions for each session handling step and use session_set_save_handler() to override PHP's internal settings

Configure the session.save_handler INI directive to your session class

28.Consider the following HTML fragment: <select name="???????" multiple> <option value="1">Item #1</option> <!-- ... more options ... --> </select> Which of the following name attributes should be used to capture all of the data from the user in PHP?

myselectbox=array()

myselectbox[]

myselectbox['multiple']

myselectbox{'multiple'}

myselectbox

29.Consider the following function: function redirect($url) { // Check to make sure we haven't already sent // the header: if(/*???????*/) { header("Location: $url"); } } What conditional should replace the ????? above?

!in_array("Location: $url", headers_list())

!header_exists("Location: $url")

!header_location($url)

$_SERVER['HTTP_LOCATION'] != $url

30.Which of the following is not a valid fopen() access mode:

b

x

a

w

r+